EFFICACY OF SUGARMILL EFFLUENT ON MORPHOLIGICAL GROWTH OF BLACKGRAM [Vigna mungo(L.) Hepper]

Abstract
Sugar mills plays a major role in polluting the water bodies and land by discharging a large amount of wastewater as effluent. The present investigation deals with the utilization of different concentrations (control, 10, 25, 50, 75 & 100 %) of sugar mill effluent on growth and biochemical contents of black gram (Vigna mungo, var.ADT-3 ). The sugar mill effluents are having higher amount of suspend solids, dissolved solids, BOD, COD, chloride sulphate, nitrates, calcium and magnesium. It also considerable quantity of nutrients also present. The results shows that the lower concentration 10 per cent were increased the growth. The above mentioned parameters were decreased with the increase of effluent concentrations. However, the lower concentration promote the crops plants.

201604014EFFICACY OF SUGARMILL EFFLUENT ON MORPHOLIGICAL GROWTH OF BLACKGRAM pdf.

UTILIZATION OF DAIRY EFFLUENT ON GERMINATION AND BIO CHEMICAL CHANGES OF BLACK GRAM (Vigna mungo L. HEPPER)

Abstract
The experiment was conduct in red loamy soil to know the utilization of dairy effluent on germination and Bio chemical changes of black gram (Vigna mungo L.). The dairy effluent concentration such as 10,20,30,40,50 and 100 per cent was applied on the black gram seedlings. The parameters such as germination percentage, root length, shoot length, fresh weight dry weight, vigour index, tolerant Index, percentage of phyto toxicity, chlorophyll ‘a’,’b’ total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were measured. Bio chemicals such as protein, Amino acids, reducing, and non-reducing sugar, total sugar and starch contents also measured. The highest growth performance was recorded at 20% effluent concentration when compared with others.

201604013UTILIZATION OF DAIRY EFFLUENT ON GERMINATION AND BIO CHEMICAL CHANGES OF BLACK GRAM pdf.

Larval and Ovicidal effects of Pongamia pinnata (Linn) Pierre (Papilionaceae) leaf and seed extracts against Culex quinquefaciatus Say, Aedes aegypti (Linn) and Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae)

Abstract
Mosquitoes act as a vector for most of the life threatening diseases like malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever, chikungunya fever, filariasis, encephalitis, west nile virus infection, etc. The continuous application of synthetic insecticides causes development of resistance in vector species, biological magnification of toxic substances leads to an adverse effects on environment and non target organisms. In view of the recently increased interest in developing plant origin insecticides as an alternative to chemical insecticide, this study was undertaken to assess the larvicidal and ovicidal potential of the crude aqueous and methanol solvent extracts of leaves and seeds of the medicinal plant Pongamia pinnata against the mosquito vectors Culex quiquafaciatus, Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: culicidae).Larvicidal activity of Pongamia pinnata leaf aqueous extract (PPLAE), leaf methanol extract (PPLME); seed aqueous (PPSAE) and seeds methanol extracts(PPSME) was studied in the range of 50-400ppm against fourth instar larvae of Culux quinquefasciatus , An. stephensi and Ae. aegypti in the laboratory. Larvae were exposed to varying concentrations of crude extracts (PPLAE, PPLME, PPSAE and PPSME). Considerable mortality was evident after the treatment of P. pinnata for all three important vector mosquitoes. The ovicidal activity was determined against Cu quinquefaciatus, Ae. aegypti and An. stephensi to various concentrations of leaf and seed methanol extracts (PPLME and PPSME) ranging from 100 to 900 ppm under laboratory conditions. Mean percent hatchability of the eggs were observed after 48h post treatment.All leaf (PPLAE, PPLME) and seed extracts (PPSAE, PPSME) showed moderate larvicidal and ovicidal effects; however, methanol extracts of leaf (PPSME) of P. pinnata against the larvae of Culux quinquefasciatus , Ae. aegypti and An. stephensi LC50 and LC90values of 153.09, 288.24 ppm; 140.656, 277.74 ppm; and 106.27, 231.99 ppm, respectively. P. Pinnate methanol extract of seed (PPSME) LC50 and LC90values of 140.656, 277.74 ppm; 123.572, 228.236ppm and 100.272-231.996 ppm, respectively against the three vector mosquito larvae ovicidal efficacy of P. Pinnata the percent hatchability was inversely proportional to the concentration of extract and directly proportional to the eggs. The methanol leaf extract of P. pinnata against An. stephensi Ae. aegypti and,Culux quinquefasciatus exerted 100% mortality (zero hatchability) at 500, 600 and 700 ppm, respectively, With PPSME 100% mortality at 600, 700 and 700 ppm, respectively. Control eggs showed above 98-100% hatchability. Among the extracts tested, the highest ovicidal activity was observed in the PPLME. Compared to leaf extracts (PPLME) seed extracts (PPSME) have low potency against the three vector mosquitoes.Our data suggest that the crude leaf and seed aqueous (PPLAE, PPSAE) and methanol solvent extracts (PPLME, PPSME)of P. pinnata have the potential to be used as an eco-friendly approach for the control of mosquitoes.

15030212 Larval and Ovicidal effects of Pongamia pinnata pdf

Studies on Malathion Toxicity in the Gill of the Catfish Clarias batrachus (Linn.)

Abstract
The present study has been conducted to understand the protective role of vitamin C on malathion toxicity in the gill for a period of 50 days. Five groups of 10 fish each were exposed separately to malathion (0.71ppm) solution prepared in tap water. Each group was exposed for 6, 12, 25, 35 and 50 days to one of the following treatments:Group I: Control group, fish were reared in tap water and fed on a commercial diet (32% protein).Group II: Control group, fish were reared in tap water and fed on a commercial diet (32% protein) supplemented with 500 mg vitamin C/kg diet.Group III: Fish were exposed to 1/10 LC50(0.71mg/l) of malathion and fed on a commercial diet (32% protein). Group IV: Fish were exposed to 0.71mg/l of malathion and fed on a commercial diet (32% protein) supplemented with 500 mg vitamin C/kg diet.In Group III, the gills showed extensive damages in their lamellar configuration even though the gill continue to regenerate repeatedly after every wear and tear, especially during the initial stages. The gill showed fusion of SL with the neighbouring gill filament and form undifferentiated mass of cells. The present study indicated that malathion at sub-lethal levels under laboratory conditions had the capacity to alter the normal physiological functions gills of catfish, C. batrachus.

15030211 Studies on Malathion Toxicity in the Gill of the Catfish Clarias batrachus (Linn.) pdf

Studies on physico-chemical characteristics of raw and pre-processed coir pith

Abstract
Coir pith was considered as an agro waste in the yester years. Coir pith as an organic waste is suitable for vermicomposting, potting medium in horticulture industry and as a suitable agricultural amendment. Though coir pith is suitable for many techniques, there are also some constraints present in using the raw coir pith, such as high EC, high cation exchange capacity, low pH, high amount of soluble salts like potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium and chloride. In order to overcome these constraints the present study was undertaken and particular issues were studied. Thus the process of pre-processing of coir pith i.e. washing the coir pith repeatedly for several times (7 times) was found effective in overcoming the constraints in the usage of raw coir pith.

15030210 Studies on physico-chemical characteristics of raw and pre-processed coir pith

Effect of Tannery Raw Effluent and Biological Treated Effluent on Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek

Abstract
Industrial development creates the disposal of industrial effluent has become the more ecological challenge. The physico chemical analysis of the tannery effluent showed high alkalinity, BOD, COD and more total dissolved salts. The effects of various concentrations ie control 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 100 per cent of tannery raw and BTE effluent were tested on seed germination and morphological parameters of Vigna radiata. Various morphological growth parameters such as shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights, vigour index, tolerance index and percentage of phytotoxicity were analysed. The pot culture experiment treatments T1, T2, T3,T4 and T5 were irrigated to crop plants. The morphometrical parameters of green gram were assessed at different sampling days (15, 30, 45 and 60 DAS).The root length and leaf area were increased at 10 per cent of both Raw Effluent (RE) Biologically Treated Effluent (BTE) and then decreased with an increase of effluent concentrations.

1503026.Effect of Tannery Raw Effluent and Biological Treated Effluent…pdf.

Efficacy of dairy effluent on morphological and pigment contents of Black gram(Vigna mungo L.)Hepper.

Abstract
The experiment was condected in clay loamy soil to known the Efficacy of dairy effluent on morphological and pigment condence of black gram ( Vigna mungo.L) Hepper. The dairy effluent concentrations such as 10,25,50,75,100 percent were applied on the black gram Seedlings. The parameters such as germination percentage root length, shoot length, fresh weight and dry weight, vigour index, tolenerant index, percentage of phytotoxicity were measured. The biochemical content such as, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b,Total chlorophyll,carotenoids contents were measured .the mineral content such as ,protein,aminoacid,Reducing sugar ,nonreducing sugar and total sugar also recorded .Highest growth performance was recorded at 10 percent Effluent concentration when compare to other treatments

1503024.Efficacy of dairy effluent on morphological and pigment contents…pdf.

Mangroves in India: A Unique Marine Ecosystem

Abstract
Indian mangroves cover about 6,749 km, the fourth largest mangrove area in the world. These mangrove habitats (69°E-89.5°E longitude and 7°N-23°N latitude). In India, West Bengal, Orissa, Andhra, Tamil Nadu, Andaman, Nicobar Islands, Kerala, Goa, Maharashtra, and Gujarat occupy vast area of Mangroves. The Indian mangroves comprise approximately 59 species in 41 genera and 29 families. Mangroves in India are one of the most valuable coastal habitats providing enormous benefits (both tangible and non-tangible) to the local communities as well as the ecology and environment surrounding them. But these mangroves have so many threats like Additional pressures on wetlands from natural causes like subsidence, drought, hurricanes, erosion etc., and human threats coming from over exploitation, for agriculture, commercial and residential development. Tangible benefits of mangroves comprise timber and non-timber products, fishery and other livelihood support systems whereas non-tangible benefits include ecological and social functions, such as coastal protection against wave and current abrasion, shelter and habitat for wildlife, and ecotourism. Mangroves need protections from natural disasters in which coastal zone is a dynamically unstable where of one or the other kind like sea intrusions, cyclones, tsunami, etc., Along with the restoration work, awareness should be campaigned, educational materials should be made available to improve knowledge on mangrove habitats, resources, relevant legislation, policies and conservation strategies with the help of media like magazines, posters, documentary, exhibitions, bird watching tours, study tours, competitions on mangrove knowledge etc. Learning can be easier with better.

1503023.Mangroves.Mangroves in India: A Unique Marine Ecosystem pdf.

Antimicrobial activity of marine flowering and non-flowering halophytic plants against some chosen microbial pathogens

Abstract
Marine plants are considered as a source of bioactive compounds as they are able to produce a great variety of secondary metabolites characterized by a broad spectrum of biological activities. Compounds with antioxidant, antiviral, antifungal and antimicrobial activities have been detected in mangroves, seaweeds and seagrasses. Marine plants are the source of amino acids, terpenoids, phlorotannins, steroids, phenolic compounds, halogenated ketones and alkanes and cyclic polysulphides. In this study, the antibacterial activity of flowering seagrass species viz., Syringodium isoetifolium and Cymodocea serrulata and non-flowering seaweeds viz., Amphiroa anceps, Gracilaria corticata, Sargassum wightii, Padina pavonica, Ulva lactuca, and Valaniopsis pachynema were tested. Interestingly it is found that, most of the ethanolic algal extracts controls all the pathogens of antibiotic resistant organism, fish pathogens, poultry pathogens and human ophthalmic pathogens. The antibacterial activity of halophytic plant extracts were evaluated by the well diffusion assay and the zone of inhibition ranged between 6mm to 14mm. The maximum activity was recorded with the marine algal ethanolic extract of V. pachynema against almost to all the pathogens selected for the study.

1503022.Antimicrobial activity of marine flowering and non-flowering halophytic plants…pdf.

Occurrence of Trichodesmium erythraeum bloom in the Gulf of Mannar, Southeast coast of India

Abstract
Trichodesmium erythraeum is a filamentous cyanobacteria which forms dense algal bloom along the Pudhumadam coast in the Gulf of Mannar during the pre monsoon season 14th September, 2014. At the time of bloom totally 25 zooplankton species were observed of which four species were considered as most abundant viz. Corycaeus danae (19.28 %), Acrocalanus gracilis and Microsetella norvegica (7.23%) and Gastropod veliger (6.02%). Although the T. erythraeum occurred in high concentration (75,000/m3), it did not cause any unusual mortality to the marine large fish and shellfish and disrupt the marine environment.

1503021.Occurrence of Trichodesmium erythraeum bloom in the Gulf of Mannar…pdf.